college athletes Essay - 1175 Words

Pay To Play: Should College Athletes Be Paid? Does it make sense for an academic institution to run a multimillion dollar entertainment business, which is what college football and college basketball have become? Does it make sense for these institutions to pay the student-athletes who participate in these football and basketball programs? The reality is that college sports programs, namely the quot;big namequot; programs such as football and basketball programs at marquee schools, are businesses that stand to make a large amount of money for their respective schools. According to an article in the Harvard Journal on Legislation, quot;[i]n the past twelve years, the amount of money generated by these two sports has increased†¦show more content†¦The argument is that if student-athletes get paid, they will remain in school and complete their education. But, is money such a big problem for these student-athletes? Dont they receive scholarships? How much more money do they need? The truth is that quot;fullquot; scholarships do not always entirely cover tuition and cost of living. However, these students can still do what a majority of students do, which is to get loans. Still, some of these student-athletes do not qualify for such loans, so there is still a gap between the money they get and the total cost of attendance. This gap,coupled with the fact that football and basketball players help generate so much revenue, has caused some intercollegiate teams to provide their athletes with extra compensation, which is in direct violation of NCAA bylaws. 41 Harv. J. on Legis. 319. Perhaps creating a method of payment above and beyond scholarships would help to decrease the amount of corruption, and quot;under the tablequot; activities of some of these nationally recognized sports programs. But creating such a system may also lead to other problems. Developing such an economy in college football and basketball would result in a monetary race to buy the best athletes in the country. This would lead to a significant gap inShow MoreRelatedCollege Athletes Should Be Paid1617 Words   |  7 Pageswait for march to come around just for college basketball. Trying to make the perfect bracket to win some money against their friends, and of course the right to gloat about having a bracket. During march you can’t watch one television show without seeing a commercial with a college basketball player on it. Everyone playing as well as everyone watching is filled with excitement and anticipation to see who will be crowned the next national champion. College athletes are some of the hardest working peopleRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid? Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesin collegiate sports; should college athletes be paid. For decades now school administers, alumni, boosters, and student athletes have been torn between the two sides, and I, for one, am in agreement with the idea of student athletes be compensated financially for all their time and dedication to their respectable sport. As you can imagine, there are many who oppose the idea, but as I stated in my previous essay there are great benefits for allowing student-athletes to be compensated. However, thisRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?2138 Words   |  9 Pagesbeen produced the past couple of years debating whether college student-athletes should be paid. I specifically chose this topic because it pertains to me, and I can relate to both sides of the argument. Being a student-athlete at St. Lawrence University, I can attest to how much time athletes put into their spor t and all the hard-work put in on a daily basis. On one hand, I see how the student-athlete deems him/herself as a full-time athlete and spend more time practicing and working out for theirRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1397 Words   |  6 Pagessports, is whether or not college athletes should be paid. When referring to college athletes the main focus is on basketball and football athletes. The sports of both basketball and football in the NCAA generate the most revenue amongst all other college sports. The combined profit of these two sports go through a trickling down process, in which the income is distributed amongst the other sports teams of the university. The ideal thing to expect is to pay all college athletes, the reality is that onlyRead MoreCollege Athlete Compensation : College Athletes2251 Words   |  10 PagesCollege Athlete Compensation When the topic of college comes up, many things come to mind. Those are the glory days for most of us. The college parties, the struggle to find a balance between having fun and maintaining a good GPA, and not to mention the amazing athletic departments that colleges offer. Everyone enjoys sports but does anyone ever stop to wonder how much goes into the preparation for those games? There’s much more effort that’s put into it other than just showing up for practice.Read MoreCollege Athlete Compensation : College Athletes2260 Words   |  10 PagesCOLLEGE ATHLETE COMPENSATION When the topic of college comes up, many things come to mind. Those are the glory days for most of us. The college parties, the struggle to find a balance between having fun and maintaining a good GPA, and not to mention the amazing athletic departments that colleges offer. Everyone enjoys sports but does anyone ever stop to wonder how much goes into preparing for those games? There’s very much work that goes in the preparation of a student athlete other than just showingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1499 Words   |  6 PagesStudent athletes commonly go to school for one reason: their love for the sport they participate in. These student athletes get scholarships from large Division 1 schools, which means things such as schooling, board, and food will be paid for by the school so the student athletes do not have to pay for these benefits themselves (Patterson). If college athletes are to be paid, it will cause unfair compensation between players who are valued or played more than others. When student athletes are rewardedRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid1021 Words   |  5 Pagesof collegiate student-athletes participate in a variety of different sports, and currently they do not receive paychecks for their performances. College athletics have attained an extensive popularity increase among Americans over the past few decades. The result - increased revenues for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA); therefore, the participating colleges are fueling the debate of whether or not college athletes should collect an income. College athletes should not be paid toRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?849 Words   |  4 Pages It is no surprise that college athletics is on the rise, it has worked it’s way into becoming one of the biggest businesses in America today. With ticket sales, television contracts, and merchandising colleges generate millions of dollars every year. College athletics has such an emotiona l attachment that goes beyond just the students who attend the school. With the NCAA making so much money from these athletes there has been intense debating on whether college athletes should be compensated beyondRead MoreYoung College Athletes730 Words   |  3 Pagesof becoming a college athlete and going down in history. With the many controversies in athletics today it is getting harder to fulfill this dream. One of the main controversies is college athletes becoming employees of the college. There are many reasons why athletes should not be employees. College athletes should not be considered employees of the college it will send a bad message to younger generations, cause contract disagreements and lastly it would make the cost of colleges much high than

Introduction. D. A. Carson Is Research Professor And Teaches

Introduction D. A. Carson is research professor and teaches New Testament at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School and has written nearly fifty books on an extensive range of topics. His Christ and Culture Revisited is a revisit of H. Richard Niebuhr s five models for seeing the relationship between Christ and culture. The book is also a revisit of the broader question of Christ and culture in general, and how it has dramatically changed from Niebuhr s day. It changed primarily for three reasons: (a) the Church as it is today confronts, and, as a result of progressions in communication, knows itself to be confronting, not a single culture (Western, say), but very different cultures across the globe; (b) our contemporary, heightened†¦show more content†¦His work, for good or ill, has shaped much of the discussion (xi). Even though this is true and we use Niebuhr’s writing to understand the discussion, says Carson, it still has its flaws. It’s five options—(1) Christ against Culture, (2) The Christ of Culture, (3) Christ above Culture, (4) Christ and Culture in Paradox, and (5) Christ the Transformer of Culture—come in for review and critique. Carson looks principally at Niebuhr s use of Scripture, as it bears on his paradigm. Although Niebuhr s is a commendable attempt to ground his configuration in the foundation documents of the Christian faith, his effort fails in certain respects. Niebuhr s second option (The Christ of Culture), for example, in the words of Carson, is certainly found in historical movements (those obligated to Schleiermacher, F. D. Maurice, or Albrecht Ritschl, the cultural Christians of nineteenth century classical theological liberalism), these movements, however, are of doubtful Christian authenticity and have no warrant in the Bible; and the fifth (Christ the Transformer of Culture) is found in restricted forms in the New Testament, but certainly not in the strong form Niebuhr would like to see adopted (40). Evaluation The biggest problem for Carson, however, is how NiebuhrShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation ConceptsRead MoreIntroduction to Materials Management169665 Words   |  679 PagesFrom the Library of Girro From the Library of Girro@qq.com Introduction to Materials Management SIXTH EDITION From the Library of Girro J. R. Tony Arnold, P.E., CFPIM, CIRM Fleming College, Emeritus Stephen N. Chapman, Ph.D., CFPIM North Carolina State University Lloyd M. Clive, P.E., CFPIM Fleming College Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Columbus, Ohio From the Library of Girro@qq.com From the Library of Girro Editor in Chief: Vernon R. Anthony Acquisitions Editor:

Business Society and Planet of Jaguar Automobile Land Rover Limited

Question: Discuss about the Business Society and Planet. Answer: Identification and Description of Jaguar Land Rover Limited (UK) and Volkswagen (Germany) Jaguaris aluxury automobile brand ofJaguar Land Rover. Jaguar Land Rover is a Britishinternationalvehicle producer headquartered inWhitley, Coventry, England. From 2008, Jaguar Motors is owned and managed by the Tata Motors, an Indian-based company. Jaguar Land Rover Company is established around two prodigious British vehicle brands with extraordinary innovativeness and manufacturing competences. The companys engineering amenities are located in the United Kingdom. Jaguar Automobiles, instituted in the year 1922, is amongst the worlds leading producers of superfluity sports and saloon cars. Since 1948, Jaguar has been engineering 4x4s. Its merchandises have demarcated the fragments in which the corporation operates. The Jaguar Land Rover Corporation provides occupations to about 16,000 people, mainly in their motherland, UK, counting nearly 3,500 engineers at two brand expansion cores, in Whitley in Gaydon in Warwickshire and Coventry and. The Companys XJ, XF and XK brands are predo minantly contrived at the business's Castle Bromwich subsidiary in Birmingham, UK, whereas the Land Rover Freelander 2 and Range Rover Evoque are manufactured at the Halewood subsidiary, Liverpool. Other models such as Range Rover Sport, Discovery 3, Range Rover, and Land Rover's Defender, simulations are all fabricated at Solihull, in UK. This firm is a renowned prosperity creator for the United Kingdom, with about 78% of Land Rovers disseminated to more than 170 nations and approximately 70% of Jaguars products distributed to about 63 nations. Rummage sales to consumers are carried out primarily via licensed traders and dealers. In the past few decades,Jaguar Land Rover Limited has produced vehicles for the British Prime Minister, with the most current conveyancebeing anXE. The corporation as well clenchesroyal warrantsfrom Prince Charles and QueenElizabeth II(Bailey, Kobayashi, MacNeill, 2008). On the other hand, Volkswagenoften abbreviated asVW, is a German -basedcar manufacturerincepted on May 28, 1937, by theGerman Labour Front, and centered in Wolfsburg. Currently, it is considered as the largest automaker worldwide, hence its name peoples car (Price, 2003). The Group encompasses around 12 marques from seven European nations, namely, Bugatti , KODA, Audi, Volkswagen Passenger Cars, Ducati ,Lamborghini ,SEAT, Bentley, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles, Scania ,Porsche, and MAN. Furthermore, the Volkswagen Group provides a broad variety of financial facilities, comprising of merchant and client financing, fleet management, insurance activities, leasing, and banking. Through its "TOGETHER Strategy 2025" future sequencer, the Volkswagen is building the approach for the largest transformation route in its antiquity: the rearrangement and repositioning of one of the greatest auto-makers to emerge an internationally foremost supplier of sustainable auto-mobility. In order to acc omplish this, the Company will be transmuting its locomotive central trade, and will amongst additional stuffs be introducing supplementary 30-plus completely electronic vehicles by the year 2025, as well as intensifying battery-operated machinery and self-sufficient driving as novel centralcapabilities.E-mobility, self-driving systems, momentum of the digital renovation, and the concomitant car conceptions the self-propelled globe is seeing evolutionary modifications. Volkswagen Inc., which lately underwent hard-hitting periods, has recognized the epic scopes of various challenges and as such the MNC is transposing itself for the future with its products and brands. Essential concerns require idealistic responses. In initiating its upcoming program TOGETHER Strategy 2025, this Group has launched the prime progression of revolution in its history. Its all-encompassing visualization is to turn out to be a world-leading supplier of sustainable auto-mobility. The pathway there will be subjugated by symphonic synchronicity and conversation as equals. For one reason: newfangled eras necessitate newfangled procedures of cooperation. Evident Differences between the two companies in terms of the range of issues dealt with in their social reports and the depth of coverage on specific issues According to the 2009/2010 Sustainability Report, it is evident that Jaguar Land Rover is not only concerned with the internal issues surrounding their business operations, but also external concerns which might influence them or the outside parties. This Sustainability Report provides information about the performance of the company on various environmental and social issues and as well describes out the key objectives of the entire firm at a corporate level (Jaguar Land Rover Limited, 2016). At Jaguar Land Rover, sustainable development is vital to the manner the corporation functions. This forms the fundamental value which motivates the long-term success of Jaguar. It is a common believe that it is important to conserve the robust repute of the firm brands, safeguarding the license to function, providing growth, as well as recalling the trust of every stakeholder.Jaguar Land Rover embarks on acting conscientiously and ethically towards dealers, suppliers, employers, customers, shareholders, and towards the environment and the general public in every business maneuver across the globe (Rover, 2014).Jaguar Land Rover aggressively trails industry-leading maintainable modernization across the entire commodity life cycle that is from design and production to performance and clearance to supply merchandises which benefit the consumers and ultimately lead to a more viable society.In addition, Jaguar is devoted to safeguarding its feasibility by capitalizing on its people as w ell as in research and expansion, proactively controlling its environmental and social influences and scheduling for the changeover towards a low carbon world. The Company's strategy is to attain or even surpass legal and supervisory necessities in all of its undertakings and prove its answerability to stakeholders by intermittently reporting on its performance in a crystal-clear and transparent manner (William B Werther; David Chandler, 2011). On the other hand, Volkswagen Company has set itself the go-getting aim of emerging an international leader in the delivery of sustainable auto-mobility(Benaya, 2015). By so doing, the Company is consolidating its sustainability administration further and simultaneously endorsing a culture of deliberation. As a response to the forfeiture of trust instigated by the diesel predicament, Volkswagen is as well altering its sustainability communications by evidently reinforcing open and crucial negotiation with external specialists and representatives of the major stakeholder groups. Together with the conformist sustainability report, the current sustainability magazineShiftprovides a space for a critical review and appraisal of both present issues as well as the forthcoming necessities for sustainable mobility. Unlike, its counterpart, Jaguar Land Rover, Volkswagen backs up community projects which endorse art and culture, science, education, sport and health (Manfred Pohl; Nick Tolhurst, 2010). This is so because the firm believes that as a corporation with international operations they have an obligation of accountability towards the whole global society which can hardly be contended by just applying charity. In contrast, Volkswagen takes individual and in particular long-term commitment. The Company's strategies concerning responsibility and sustainability focus on the 21st-century challenges, and above all conservation of resource and climate fortification, alongside Intra- and intergenerational justice. The projects the firm selects unlike Jaguar replicate a fundamental and philosophical principle based on two central rudiments: these are applying continuousness instead of just adhering to the state-of-the-art fashion, and endeavoring to generate sustainable operational developments at their sites as sources of social and economic incentive and opportunities for interested parties (Volkswagen Company, 2017). As opposed to Jaguar Inc., every CSR project which Volkswagen starts and backs up globally should gratify a number of vital guiding principles, ensuring that: All of them are in line with the Companys central beliefs while addressing explicit domestic or regional matters. They demonstrate the multiplicity within the Group in addition to the communal environment within which the undertakings transpire. They instigate from a powerful stakeholder exchange of ideas with native players, those proactively involved in undertaking realization, and Their project administration occurs domestically and is the duty of the units active in that particular locality (Volkswagen Group, 2016). Extent to which these differences be explained by the country or industry differences. What other explanations might there be As pointed earlier in a previous section of this paper, Jaguar Inc. is managed by Tata Motors; an Indian-based International Automotive. Therefore, the above CSR differences can be explained in close consideration of the location of host countries that is Asia and Europe. With regard to various rudiments, Asian companies appear to be doing less than their counterparts in Europe (Helen Sharmini Nesadurai; Joseph Soedradjad Djiwandono; Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.; S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies., 2009). Nonetheless, there exist some noteworthy exemptions to this especially when it comes to essentials allied to trade. Furthermore, some substantial dissimilarities in priorities can, to some extent, replicate issues which are recognized as more significant in particular nations. Even though European corporations are often up ahead of Asian establishments with respect to their CSR programs, there is a great opportunity for businesses to learn and pick up from each other (Alfons Sauquet Rovira; Mette Morsing, 2011). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged a vital trade conception over the past few decades (Ethical Corporation., 2011). Nevertheless, majority argue that this concept has not been adequately defined. This means that organizations can interpret it in accordance to how they see appropriate, and, therefore, some maintain that it is perceived as something that is added on to a corporations essential processes without altering in any substantial manner exactly how that business functions. However, maybe one ought to not be searching for a solitary description because social issues are extremely debatable, and dissimilar rudiments can be exceedingly conflicting. For instance, a survey carried out by Welford, 2004, proved that in the Asian companies there is a lesser devotion to freedom of association and preferment of workforce improvement and professional enlightenment. A strategy on the fortification of human rights within the corporations peculiar maneuvers (human rights 1) is prevalent in 54.8% of the European multinationals responding but by only about 10.9% of the Asian-based organizations. We may uncertainly propose that while staffs in European companies are more likely to be considered as human capital workforces in Asian firms are more probable to be viewed as just a factor of production(Welford, 2004). Assessment Of the Apparent Quality of the Social Accounting Approach Utilized by Each Company According To Zadek Et Al.'S (1997) Criteria Both Jaguar and Volkswagen corporations have been evaluated by use of the social accounting methodology according to (Zadek et al., 1997) that sketches the fundamental principles to be applied whenever measuring the eminence of social accounting. Inclusivity, as defined by (Zadek et al, 1997), is a transparent give-and-take conversation amongst the stakeholders (Andrew Crane; Dirk Matten, 2016). Jaguar Inc. of late has been involved with participants whereby the company has been able to initiate strategic environmental maintenance approaches. Similarly, the firm has been taking back to the community through backing up the hunger afflicted regions by offering relief food (Stertkamp, 2008). On the other hand, Volkswagen has involved the interested parties through the use of the social media in whereby the firm is continuously active consulting all their participants on various issues, particularly concerning the products. Correspondingly, the corporation has been able to uphold sustain ability whereby it has been able to spread its facilities to supplementary countries (Stitz, 2010). Both businesses have been able to gather feedback from their key shareholders which has been able to modify the management undertakings of the multinationals. There has been a development in the public accounting which has improved the companies ability to revolve the administration policies that fit both corporations and have made them have a healthier interface with their participants. Both multinationals have shown a sturdy capability to control their business structures and strategies as they have incorporated the shareholders more than before. Being international corporations, they both employ the Global Reporting Initiative while giving out their reports (yvind Ihlen; Jennifer Bartlett; Steve May, 2011). The extent to which the social reports provided by these companies reflect their stated values The stated values of Jaguar are Integrity, Understanding, Excellence, Unity, and Responsibility (Jaguar Company, 2016). It is a common believe in Jaguar Motors that corporations should operate while ensuring fairness, honesty, and transparency. As a result, everything the firm does always stands the test of community scrutiny. Besides, the company attempts to respect, sympathize and depict humanity through, say, caring about their consumers and colleagues all over the globe. According to Jaguar Inc. Good enough' is at no time good enough. As such the business aims for the premier standards and criterions possible in the manner, they function and in the quality of their vehicles, products, and facilities. Jaguar acknowledges that success is an outcome of initiating robust, equally advantageous relations with one another, associates as well as clienteles all over the world. The Corporation is often accountable for the nations, publics, and places they work. Their primary goal is to ens ure everybody benefits from working with the company (Mann, 2015). On the other hand, Volkswagen, according to the values guiding principle, is more than the employer. They are accountable to their stakeholders, the society, environment, and generally the global economy. Employees in this firm assume social accountability by taking part in voluntary activities. Responsible, collaborative, and sustainable thinking underlies all activities undertaken by the company (Volkswagen company, 2017). These values as discussed beforehand are replicated in the sustainability reports provided by these two corporations. They both work in different intercontinental CSR projects towards making the international economy more sustainable and nondiscriminatory. Annual progress reports document the undertaken projects (Tina Grant; Cengage Learning (Firm), 2007). Conclusions Multinational corporations (MNCs) such as Jaguar and Volkswagen have a fundamental role to play in the process of endorsing well-being and impartiality in our contemporary society. As depicted in various sections of this paper, there are different categories of role' and scope' which these companies can play in combination with several domestic and intercontinental firms such as the UK agencies, local government, as well as NGOs in the host nations. One of the most protuberant contributions from transnational corporations to the host nations Is Corporate Social Responsibility, often shortened as (CSR). Various sections of descriptions of the two MNCs ratify that MNCs have to prove their unremitting determinations to support the host countries. Every decent MNC should look cautiously at the manner their organizations are involved, contemplate on what more they can do to exterminate scarceness of resources, and thereafter take action. As validated by the arguments in this paper, we can terminate poverty (by 2030); and TNCs in developing countries ought to work collaboratively with the host governments to make this matter a reality. There are companies, such as Toyota, which have entrenched such concepts as CSR within their creativities as well as sanctioning them. By way of generating something sustainable, these establishments are backing up the international weakening which individuals cannot just overlook. In addition, they encourage ecologically friendly epitomes and movements since we do source from the surroundings to produce stuffs- it is only appropriate to do so in a rational, not detrimental manner. Bibliography Alfons Sauquet Rovira; Mette Morsing. (2011). Business schools and their contribution to society. Los Angeles: London : Sage. Andrew Crane; Dirk Matten. (2016). Business ethics : managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford : Oxford University Press. Bailey, D., Kobayashi, S., MacNeill, S. (2008). Rover and out? Globalisation, the West Midlands auto cluster, and the end of MG Rover. Policy Studies, 267-279. Benaya, E. K. (2015). Change in CSR initiatives of Volkswagen in South Africa following the implementation of BBBEE. Ethical Corporation. (2011). Ethical corporation magazine. London : Ethical Corp. Helen Sharmini Nesadurai; Joseph Soedradjad Djiwandono; Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.; S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies. (2009). Southeast Asia in the global economy : securing competitiveness and social protection. Singapore : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies: S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, . Jaguar Company. (2016). OUR VALUES. Retrieved from Jaguar The Art of Performance: https://www.jaguar.com/about-jaguar/jaguar-business/corporate-values.html JAGUAR LAND ROVER LIMITED . (2016). SUSTAINABILITY REPORT. Retrieved from Jaguar the Art of Performance : https://www.jaguar.com/about-jaguar/sustainability/sustainability_report.html Manfred Pohl; Nick Tolhurst. (2010). Responsible business : how to manage a CSR strategy successfully. Chichester UK: John Wiley Sons,. Mann, J. (2015). Jaguar cars. Minneapolis, MN: Motorbooks. yvind Ihlen; Jennifer Bartlett; Steve May. (2011). The Handbook of Communication and Corporate Social Responsibility. New York, NY : John Wiley Sons. Price, R. L. (2003). The VW Beetle : a production history of the world's most famous car, 1936-1967. New York: Berkley Pub. Group. Rover, J. L. (2014). Corporate social responsibility : a very short introduction. Oxford : Oxford University Press. Stertkamp, H. (2008). Jaguar : the complete story. St. Paul, Minn.: MBI ; Enfield : Publishers Group UK [distributor],. Stitz, D. (2010). Corporate Social Responsibility ein La?ndervergleich zwischen den USA und Deutschland; institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen fu?r CSR-Aktivita?ten im Vergleich. Mu?nchen GRIN Verlag GmbH . Tina Grant; Cengage Learning (Firm). (2007). International directory of company histories : Volume 48. Chicago : St. James Press. Volkswagen Company. (2017). DRIVE Volkswagen Group Forum. Retrieved from Volkswagen Live: https://en.volkswagen.com/en/company/responsibility/social-responsibility.html Volkswagen company. (2017). Forging ahead with sustainability. Retrieved from Volkswagen live: https://www.volkswagen-karriere.de/en/what_we_stand_for/our_values/sustainability.html Volkswagen Group. (2016, 11 28). Volkswagen presents Group sustainability report and new sustainability magazine Shift. Retrieved from Nachrichten: https://www.volkswagenag.com/en/news/2016/11/sustainability_magazine_Shift.html Welford, R. (2004). Corporate Social Responsibility in Europe and Asia. Critical Elements and Best Practice, 47. William B Werther; David Chandler. (2011). Strategic corporate social responsibility : stakeholders in a global environment. Los Angeles: SAGE.

The Power of Poetry Essay Example For Students

The Power of Poetry Essay Studies in Poetry 5 August 2013 The Power of Poetry Poetry can be cathartic for both the writer and the reader. The art expression in poetry allows the writer to heal continually over time. The reader gets to experience Ms. Silicons life chronologically through her poetry. We get to feel full-circle the wounds, the scab, the debarment and finally the healing that happens after one exposes truths. Ms. McCollum shows a contrast approach to her past by taking a mythical route. Instead of taking a more personal approach, the reader may still connect through Ms. Macaulays approach by the self-absorbed mother that is exposed in her myths. We will write a custom essay on The Power of Poetry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Ms. Clifton is able to say a lot with little words, especially in forgiving my father. The poem consists of 3 stanzas addressing her fathers ineptness. In the first stanza the reader sees that during Ms. Silicons childhood her family was financially unstable. In this poem she gives recognition to her mother because of the mental and physical abuse she had to live with. In an interview with Ms. Clifton and Michael S. Glasses, Ms. Clifton says: l knew that she was an unhappy woman (Glasses 314). In forgiving my father Ms. Clifton shows heartache for her mother during this time. Ms. Clifton has neither the ability nor authority to speak up to her father; therefore she hopelessly waits in vain for him to change and take care of their family. Ms. Clifton encourages students to write to help heal heartaches in life: To write because you need it. It will somehow help you get through a difficult life (Glasses 312). The first stanza reads: It is Friday. We have come to the paying of the bills. All week you have stood in my dreams like a ghost, asking for more time but today is payday, payday old man; my mothers hand opens in her early grave and I hold it out like a good daughter. 08) In the second stanza, Ms. Clifton graciously gives her father the benefit of the doubt by addressing that her father is the way he is because of his upbringing. When Ms. Clifton refers to him as daddy the reader can sense that this was going on during her childhood. In an interview with Ms. Clifton and Michael S. Glasses, Ms. Clifton says: My mission is to heal Lucille if I can, as much a s I can (Glasses 312). The second stanza reads: there is no more time for you. There will never be time enough daddy daddy old lecher old liar. Wish you were rich so I could take it all ND give the lady what she was due but you were the son of a needy father, the father of a needy son; you gave her all you had which was nothing. You have already given her The ay Catcher Nines r f-et -ret Juju all you had. (208) In the third stanza Ms. Clifton is forgiving her father, she realizes the parents covenant not hers. She has reconciliation that while she an were dealt this hand, her fathers shortcomings were his alone an not have it in him to rise above his lot in life, and come up empty a also acknowledges that she had no control over decisions that were was born. Now that her father has died, she is able to look at the sit greater perspective. It was her parents choices that created that life although she was a product of that life, the future and what she doe choice. The last line of the poem reads: and no accounting will pop possibly meaning that overthrowing the past and rehashing decision and that she never had control over is a waste of her time and memo you are the pocket that was going to open and come up empty any Friday. You were each others bad bargain, not mine. daddy old pauper old prisoner, old dead man what am I doing here collecting? U lie side by side in debtors boxes and no accounting will open them up. (208) Ms. McCollum is inspired by Louise Cluck whom also rewrites Greek Persona, the Personal in Poetry by Sahara McCollum, Ms. McCollum of Ms. Clucks poems: In her poems, these stories have provided a and out of the themes that are her core concerns as an artist: moth other familial relationships (McCollum 1). Ms. McCollum t akes a d on the relationship between Persephone and Demeter. An unusual approach to the mother daughter relationship, the reader finds Ms. Wowing disloyalty in Demeter towards her daughter Persephone. Interesting but unique approach on the way she copes with events the self, the self that writes, Ms. McCollum addresses what poetry h Poetry has allowed me to live these and other hybridism spaces, the conflict, and to move away from the sentimental tragedy of the mull figure of exile (McCollum 154). In the first stanza instead of Deem because of Persephone absence, she is embracing the attention of bad for her. Persephone is left feeling alone and rejected by her m recognizes her selfishness. .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b , .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b .postImageUrl , .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b , .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b:hover , .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b:visited , .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b:active { border:0!important; } .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b:active , .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u571eb2d9e25fc3adb98bcae7e8f8e95b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Those Winter Sundays Robert Hayden EssayPersephone shows sarcasm by mocking pity on Demeter, when in reality she is being a selfish, careless mot main is multi-faceted; the realization that her mother does not have nurturing but also that she is self-absorbed and self-serving. In the senses not only pain but intense anger. You are all the rage these d mother. Everywhere I turn, I hear Demeter in mourning, Demeter grieving Poor Demeter. (33) In Writing the self, the self that Writes written by Ms. McCollum, Ms. Addresses her right of creative expression stating that, If I need to c the story upon which a poem is based in order to have the poem us right, I do it (McCollum 15 4). Ms. McCollum writes about her parents upbringing in Writing the self, the self that Writes, and many times she is giving her parents the benefit of the doubt. She mentions how she doesnt know what it was like to grow up in a Jamaican society, therefore she cannot understand why her mother is the way she is. In the second stanza Persephone is making it clear that her mother set her up for rape. Ms. Macaulays mother also grew up without a father figure; this may be an explanation for the need for attention. Whatever the reason Ms. Macaulays mother needed to be the center of attention, it was significant enough that Ms. McCollum included it in her works, albeit mythical. Always craving the spotlight, I know this is what you wanted: your face on the front page of all the papers; gossip columns (33) The third stanza shows more Demeter getting more and more attention as she suffers during the winter without her daughter. Persephone shows the way Demeter is abusing attention by letting her flowers go as if she is mourning her lost child. Could it be that Ms. McCollum felt that her mothers priorities were not in line with suitable motherhood? Oiled with Juicy tidbits on what life was like before winter, old hags in the grocery store, whispering, how shes let the flowers go, and (33) Even though myths are retold, they can still offer truth and reasoning. In Myth, Persona the Personal in Poetry, Ms. McCollum addresses the differences between todays poetry and poetry during the mid-20th century: That poetry might stil l reveal and speak out of the details of the writers life is not a particularly popular idea in the wake of the Confessional movement of mid-20th century American poetry (McCollum 3). In stanza five, Persephone gets ignored when confronting her mother. Demeter expends to Persephone by brushing off her question, and covering up her actions by showing interest in Persephone life, trailblazing the real issue. You still wont come clean. Passing me iced tea, instead you ask, WOWS the redecorating? Are you expanding (33) In stanza six, Demeter goes on to show interest in Persephone life, but cannot look her daughter in the eyes. To make room for little ones? Fanning away flies, you avoid my eyes, saying, Vive so longed to be a grandma, (33) In the last three stanzas Persephone reveals how she was put in the field by her mother. Persephone goes on to show Demeter covering up the evidence as if it meant nothing to leave her daughter behind. The last three stanzas also reveal Diameters Jealousness towards her daughter. In the poems forgiving my father by Ms. Clifton, and Persephone Sets The Record Straight, the daughter figure has power that cannot be tamed. In both poems, the results were the same in the end. In Ms. Silicons poem, the child (her) somehow knew that her words would not be heard by her father and chose to keep silent, except to the paper. Ms. Clifton, like Persephone felt neglected, lonely and unfortunate in their respective situations but her pain was contained inside hers Persephone tried to confront her mother and came away even more disheartened after her mother adds insult to injury by further dismissing petitions. Both poem are about our individual coping during our Journey through trials. Regardless of path, there can be no wrong door or wrong road to recovery. .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd , .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd .postImageUrl , .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd , .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd:hover , .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd:visited , .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd:active { border:0!important; } .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd:active , .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u009ca22a30e66ead2be3cbb08ac8e8cd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: "Goblin Market" and "The Lady of Shallot" EssayJust as each of us is unique in our reaction to lifes challenges, our expression of that Journey is even more unique. In Ms. Silicons poem, she as the child had come full circle and was reaching closure. In Ms. Macaulays poem Persephone was still in beginning stag of realizing that the mother she wanted was not what she had. The similarity is t while they were not at the same place in their recovery, they both were heading o the same trajectory that would ultimately lead them to the same conclusion, that never had any control over the situation and that they are only responsible for the own behavior. Ms. Clifton showed her expression of recovery early, thus building foundation that would allow her to eventually come to an understanding that all her to finally forgive her father. Persephone attempted to confront her mother a her actions and wound up being even more frustrated. While this initially seems a setback, Persephone was strong enough to have the courage to stand up to mot Her resilience might come from the knowledge that even though her attempt was met with failure, initially she did have the fortitude to challenge her mothers cacti and behavior. Attempting to change anyone is difficult, attempting to stop some addiction or cure their mental illness is impossible. Even in the best situations, a person has to want to change their behavior or get help and even then there are any challenges and hurdles. Through living, and by acknowledging that change difficult to achieve even within ourselves, perhaps we can somehow be more empathetic to those who hurt us. This is not to say that one should accept pain caused by others, but rather choose not to be a victim and to realize that it is our and our choice. Hopefully by the time one gets to the point in their life when the are making choices that are life altering, such as marriage or having children the will have the experience needed to make choices that will be beneficial not only f hem, but for those who depend on them to provide love and stability. Unfortunate in their respective situations but her pain was contained inside herself. After her mother adds insult to injury by further dismissing petitions. Both poems are about our individual coping during our Journey through trials. Regardless of the reaching closure. In Ms. Macaulays poem Persephone was still in beginning stages of realizing that the mother she wanted was not what she had. The similarity is that while they were not at the same place in their recovery, they both were heading on he same trajectory that would ultimately lead them to the same conclusion, that they never had any control over the situation and that they are only responsible for their own behavior. Ms. Clifton showed her expression of recovery early, thus building the foundation that would allow her to eventually come to an understanding that allowed her to finally forgive her father. Persephone attempted to confront her mother about her actions and wound up being even more frustrated. While this initially seems like a setback, Persephone was strong enough to have the courage to stand up to mother. Et with failure, initially she did have the fortitude to challenge her mothers actions and behavior.

Free Essays on Daisy Miller & Huck Finn- American Adventures

NOSEWAKS@aOl.com March 20, 2002 DAISY MILLER AND HUCK FINN-AMERICAN ADVENTURERS After reading the two American classics â€Å"Daisy Miller† by Henry James, and â€Å"Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, I thought about the messages these authors were saying about their societies. Both authors lived at a time when very influential things were happening in their worlds. The Civil War, and the ceaseless turmoil between social classes. Twain and James both wrote these two stories around the same period. Like everyone, they were influenced by their surroundings and personal experiences. Although they were both very different people with completely different backgrounds, they both managed to have leading characters that had the common problem of not fitting in their societies. Although James’ Daisy Miller and Twain’s Huck had a common problem, they both had very different ways of coping with it. They both had different strategies of living in an environment they didn’t completely control. Henry James had the very plain Miller family traveling throughout Europe at a time when many people in the world were immigrating to the Unites States. Her family was wealthy enough to pay for such a trip where she was able to stay at the most extravagant hotels in Europe. James makes it clear numerous times that the Miller family was new to this level of money. While Daisy stayed in these hotels she had a chance to see what the people of her new status were like. Coming from a background that was not as fortunate as the people she stayed with in Europe, she wanted what she couldn’t have had. She wanted to be part of the privileged society. In Europe, James has her finally getting what she wanted- the ability to interact with societies upper class. Daisy’s flaw was that she had the tool to be with the 1900th century aristocrats (money), but she didn’t have the culture to pass as one. This is a tragic conflict for her.... Free Essays on Daisy Miller & Huck Finn- American Adventures Free Essays on Daisy Miller & Huck Finn- American Adventures NOSEWAKS@aOl.com March 20, 2002 DAISY MILLER AND HUCK FINN-AMERICAN ADVENTURERS After reading the two American classics â€Å"Daisy Miller† by Henry James, and â€Å"Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, I thought about the messages these authors were saying about their societies. Both authors lived at a time when very influential things were happening in their worlds. The Civil War, and the ceaseless turmoil between social classes. Twain and James both wrote these two stories around the same period. Like everyone, they were influenced by their surroundings and personal experiences. Although they were both very different people with completely different backgrounds, they both managed to have leading characters that had the common problem of not fitting in their societies. Although James’ Daisy Miller and Twain’s Huck had a common problem, they both had very different ways of coping with it. They both had different strategies of living in an environment they didn’t completely control. Henry James had the very plain Miller family traveling throughout Europe at a time when many people in the world were immigrating to the Unites States. Her family was wealthy enough to pay for such a trip where she was able to stay at the most extravagant hotels in Europe. James makes it clear numerous times that the Miller family was new to this level of money. While Daisy stayed in these hotels she had a chance to see what the people of her new status were like. Coming from a background that was not as fortunate as the people she stayed with in Europe, she wanted what she couldn’t have had. She wanted to be part of the privileged society. In Europe, James has her finally getting what she wanted- the ability to interact with societies upper class. Daisy’s flaw was that she had the tool to be with the 1900th century aristocrats (money), but she didn’t have the culture to pass as one. This is a tragic conflict for her....

Writing Tips How to Use Commas and Semicolons

Writing Tips How to Use Commas and Semicolons â€Å"Comma v.  Semicolon? Aaargh!! I’ll just pick one†¦ I figure I have a 50% chance of getting it right.† Does this sound like you? If so, you’ve come to the right place. Let’s raise your average with these writing tips. Did you know you can HEAR the difference? The first thing I like to talk about with commas vs. semicolons is the sound of them. Commas are a pause with an invitation to continue, whereas semicolons are a full stop. You will be able to hear the difference. Read the following sentences aloud, paying attention to the *sound* of the punctuation: [CORRECT] In high school I was certain of my academic strengths; the daughter and younger sister of doctors, I excelled in math and science and dreaded every English course I was ever forced to take. [CORRECT] I took a wide variety of classes, from psychology and sociology to business and criminal justice, hoping to find something, whether it were a class or a specific topic, that captivated my interest. [CORRECT] Addison’s Disease is a chronic adrenal insufficiency that leads to liver failure, kidney failure, effusions, and in some cases, death; I was determined that it would not kill my brother. Can you hear how your inflection goes up with each comma, and down with each semicolon? The upward inflection of the comma makes us think there is something more coming. The sound of a semicolon, on the other hand, is often the same sound that comes along with a period. It is more final. If you didn’t get that the first time around, go ahead and read the sentences above again, until you hear it. Why is it useful to know how a punctuation mark sounds? It allows you to read your sentence aloud and to determine whether you’ve chosen correctly. If you have a semicolon in your sentence but the inflection sounds right going up, you know to switch it to a comma. And vice versa. Also, on a more basic level, if you find yourself pausing and inflecting upward and yet you have no comma there at all, add one! Here’s an example: [INCORRECT] I have learned a lot about myself, and my capabilities throughout my career. See how you want to pause and inflect upward after â€Å"capabilities† because of the comma after â€Å"myself†? Add a comma! [CORRECT] I have learned a lot about myself, and my capabilities, throughout my career. Or just delete the comma after â€Å"myself† and the inflection changes: [CORRECT] I have learned a lot about myself and my capabilities throughout my career. One more example: [INCORRECT] Although, I had many successful closings, there were always a few that were unsuccessful. Why put a comma after â€Å"Although† when you would not pause here when speaking? [CORRECT] Although I had many successful closings, there were always a few that were unsuccessful. I hope this lesson listening for commas v. semicolons was helpful. Category:Grammar Writing TipsBy Brenda BernsteinOctober 24, 2010 8 Comments The Essay Expert says: October 26, 2010 at 8:59 am Thanks for the comment Jackie. Now listen for whether you want a full stop or a pause between Good Stuff and I often struggle. Could these be two sentences standing on their own? If so look at using a semi-colon! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: October 26, 2010 at 11:42 am Ill work on that Beth! Log in to Reply Eric Nilsson says: June 27, 2012 at 11:40 am Dear Essay Expert, I dont quite agree with the comment that a semi-colon represents a full stop; I see it rather as a long pause. A full stop is a period and, when you think about it, a semi-colon is a combination of a pause and a stop (period on top and comma on bottom). Perhaps, because I love commas, I could be considered a Comma-adore (pronounce the a sound only once). Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: June 27, 2012 at 11:47 am Thanks for your comment Eric. In my mind, the semi-colon, when used to separate what could be two full sentences, is closer to a full stop than to a pause; in a list of long items, the semi-colon inserts a long pause. My opinion: When used to separate two potentially distinct sentences, the semi-colon serves to connect two thoughts so related to each other that a period would serve as too wide of a separation. Log in to Reply Xelor says: March 20, 2019 at 6:05 am Dear Ms. Bernstein, Kudos and thanks for sharing your inflection-based pedagogy for comma and semicolon use. I found myself tutoring a teen for whom the sentence-structure approach learning rules about and how to recognize independent and subordinate clauses, appositives, parenthetical remarks, and coordinating conjunctions was as recondite as quantum mechanics. Moreover, I know well enough how to punctuate and had helped my own kids (all grown now) master a smattering of grammars nuances, I was anxious over the prospect of having to help a child who hadnt fully grasped the basics; thus I Googled for guidance. Using the search term inflective comma, I noticed your site among Googles first few results. It is just what the doctor ordered. I delivered an overview of what commas and semicolons do, telling my charge that if what precedes and follows the punctuation mark he inserted can stand alone as a complete sentence, use a semicolon; otherwise, use a comma. Imperfect guidance, yes, but given where the boy was, it seemed as fitting as any place to start. Next, I had him read this webpage, whereafter I clarified bits about which he inquired. Lastly, after telling him its called punctuation because its the written indicator of changes in a speakers voice, I suggested he simply speak his sentences in his head and listen for the pauses, variances in tone and emphasis, and so on, and simply toss in a comma where his inflection changes. What a difference! The young man, in mere minutes, went from period-only punctuation to near perfect. He was a little comma happy, but, hey, he used them, and, in turn, his voice came through, which, most importantly, means readers can unequivocally discern his meaning. The boys bright, his thoughts coherent, and on the strength of that, hes been a B-student; however, his poor punctuation has kept him from being an A-student. Hes got a graded writing assignment due Friday, so well see what happens and go from there. With any luck, hell soon be ready for em dashes, hyphens and ellipses. Whoo hoo! So, on his behalf and mine, thank you for maintaining this website. It was an inspirational godsend for me and a palpable aid for the young man Im tutoring. As didactic Internet content goes, one cant ask for more. Cheers, Xelor P.S. I dont know how the boy, whos a tenth grader, became a poor punctuator; maybe he skipped class on those days. Who knows? Its obvious, however, that between about the seventh and tenth grades, none of his teachers have acted to correct what is clearly but a mechanical issue, one that, given the boys manifested acumen and critical thinking skill, could long ago have been corrected. Perhaps they felt his earning Bs was good enough to obviate their bothering to intervene? In any case, their omission thus has unquestionably resulted in the boys grades and GPA being lower than he deserves. Who knows what impact that may have on his college prospects? Whatever affect it has, it likely wont be positive, and thats a doggone shame. Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: March 20, 2019 at 6:21 am Thanks so much for sharing this story, Xelor! As a blogger, I never know what impact my writing will have, and I’m so thrilled I helped in this way. Your message was very well punctuated btw! Watch out for affect/effect 😉. Log in to Reply Xelor says: March 20, 2019 at 7:28 am Youre welcome. Im glad, then, that I bothered to share a little anecdote affirming for you that your contribution to the Internet has positively affected at least two people. The affect error is my bad; I didnt carefully proofread my remarks, behavior, or lack thereof, really, thats typical of my postings on the Internet. Failing to proofread results occasionally in my publicly making errors I know better than to make. The affect/effect error is an unusual one for me insofar as Im an old school dude who thinks impact is only a noun and effect is both a noun and verb. FWIW, affect/effect sentence began as I dont know how thatll affect his college acceptance outcomes, but in revising it, I left affect, but I cant say why. Worse, in my mind is the omission of a coordinating conjunction yet would have done nicely in the sentence that begins with moreover. Oh, wellwe all make mistakes, but hopefully not too many. LOL God bless and all the best, Xelor Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: March 20, 2019 at 8:25 am Hi Xelor, I figured there was an explainable oversight here. I am all-too-familiar with errors that come from editing. And I definitely observed that your grammar is meticulous! By the way, I try to keep impact as a noun as well. Log in to Reply

Choose a person, object, or event that you find interesting and that Essay

Choose a person, object, or event that you find interesting and that you can readily research - Essay Example Vietnamese people follow annual rules for the New Year. They are very careful about what they do the first day of the New Year because, according to them, it will later determine their luck for the rest of the year. Therefore, Vietnamese people prepare for the New Year beginning two weeks before the actual New Year’s Day. Vietnamese people then have more rituals at midnight and on the first morning of the New Year. For example, my family prepares many things for New Year’s Day. We spend a lot of money, and we make substantial plans in advance for New Year. We buy new clothes and new shoes, paint and clean the house, cook three days worth of food, and pay off all debts. We go to the marketplace and the shopping mall to buy food, firecrackers, and flowers. The Vietnamese marketplace is very crowded the week before the New Year. After four o’clock, the markets close down so people can go home. We cook many kinds of food that our grandparents liked to eat when they w ere young. We also burn incense and artificial money to honor our grandparents, as we always believe that our grandparents will return from the other world to visit our family. Even though they don’t appear incarnate, my family believes that our grandparents exist around us even though they are dead. Thus, we always understand that to worship our ancestors means showing respect to our ancestors. After these rituals, we always invite the relatives and neighbors to sit around the table. Most of us sit at the table to share food together in the party. There are many such rituals that might seem different to outsiders. When our family has a party, we have to provide enough chairs for all people who are invited. If we lack bowls, dishes, tables, and chairs, we can borrow them from the neighbors. The next time another family has a party, we do the same thing for them. Then, we prepare for New Year’s Eve. We have more rituals on New Year’s

How do you think domestic and foreign intelligence should work in this Assignment

How do you think domestic and foreign intelligence should work in this country - Assignment Example Foreign intelligence encompasses security surveillance orchestrated by cross-border powers and personalities. Intelligence service is the most sensitive national institution that must be accorded utmost autonomy to prevent the country from vulnerability to terrorist attack. America being the presumed global superpower is a target for terrorism and other forms of violent attacks. The U.S. depends on both its domestic and foreign intelligence information to fight and or contain the world’s terrorism. It requires a highly confidential, competent and effective intelligence service both from domestic instruments and from foreign input (Marks, 2010). After the September 11 attacks, cooperation and close coordination is required between national and international intelligence in America (Marks, 2010). However, there should not be complete merge of the two institutions. While they should cooperate to deliver coinciding information, their individual autonomy should also have clear demarcation. The country’s security management should establish a central coordinating body that harmonizes information dissemination from either side of the security institutions. The role of this body would be to provide further scrutiny to the intelligence information before delivering credible vigilant information to the government. The specific roles of these two institutions should also have distinct stipulations to avoid conflict and duplication of surveillance information. Furthermore, the authenticity of foreign intelligence surveillance is dully enshrined in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of

Applied Linguistics Essay Example for Free

Applied Linguistics Essay Stylistics is the study and interpretation of texts from a linguistic perspective. As a discipline it links literary criticism and linguistics, but has no autonomous domain of its own. [1][2] The preferred object of stylistic studies is literature, but not exclusively high literature but also other forms of written texts such as text from the domains of advertising, pop culture, politics or religion. [3] Stylistics also attempts to establish principles capable of explaining the particular choices made by individuals and social groups in their use of language, such as socialisation, the production and reception of meaning, critical discourse analysis and literary criticism. Other features of stylistics include the use of dialogue, including regional accents and people’s dialects, descriptive language, the use of grammar, such as the active voice or passive voice, the distribution of sentence lengths, the use of particular language registers, etc. In addition, stylistics is a distinctive term that may be used to determine the connections between the form and effects within a particular variety of language. Therefore, stylistics looks at what is ‘going on’ within the language; what the linguistic associations are that the style of language reveals. Contents * 1 Early twentieth century * 2 Late twentieth century * 3 Literary Stylistics * 3. 1 Poetry * 3. 2 Implicature * 3. 3 Tense * 3. 4 The point of poetry * 4 See also * 5 Notes * 6 References and related reading * 7 External links| [edit] Early twentieth century. The analysis of literary style goes back to Classical rhetoric, but modern stylistics has its roots in Russian Formalism,[4] and the interrelated Prague School, in the early twentieth century. In 1909 Charles Ballys Traite de stylistique francaise had proposed stylistics as a distinct academic discipline to complement Saussurean linguistics. For Bally, Saussures linguistics by itself couldnt fully describe the language of personal expression. [5] Ballys programme fitted well with the aims of the Prague School. [6] Building on the ideas of the Russian Formalists, the Prague School developed the concept of foregrounding, whereby poetic language stands out from the background of non-literary language by means of deviation (from the norms of everyday language) or parallelism. [7] According to the Prague School, the background language isnt fixed, and the relationship between poetic and everyday language is always shifting. [8] [edit] Late twentieth century Roman Jakobson had been an active member of the Russian Formalists and the Prague School, before emigrating to America in the 1940s. He brought together Russian Formalism and American New Criticism in his Closing Statement at a conference on stylistics at Indiana University in 1958. [9] Published as Linguistics and Poetics in 1960, Jakobsons lecture is often credited with being the first coherent formulation of stylistics, and his argument was that the study of poetic language should be a sub-branch of linguistics. [10] The poetic function was one of six general functions of language he described in the lecture. Michael Halliday is an important figure in the development of British stylistics. [11] His 1971 study Linguistic Function and Literary Style: An Inquiry into the Language of William Goldings The Inheritors is a key essay. [12] One of Hallidays contributions has been the use of the term register to explain the connections between language and its context. [13] For Halliday register is distinct from dialect. Dialect refers to the habitual language of a particular user in a specific geographical or social context. Register describes the choices made by the user,[14] choices which depend on three variables: field (what the participants are actually engaged in doing, for instance, discussing a specific subject or topic),[15] tenor (who is taking part in the exchange) and mode (the use to which the language is being put). Fowler comments that different fields produce different language, most obviously at the level of vocabulary (Fowler. 1996, 192) The linguist David Crystal points out that Halliday’s ‘tenor’ stands as a roughly equivalent term for ‘style’, which is a more specific alternative used by linguists to avoid ambiguity. (Crystal. 1985, 292) Halliday’s third category, mode, is what he refers to as the symbolic organisation of the situation. Downes recognises two distinct aspects within the category of mode and suggests that not only does it describe the relation to the medium: written, spoken, and so on, but also describes the genre of the text. (Downes. 1998, 316) Halliday refers to genre as pre-coded language, language that has not simply been used before, but that predetermines the selection of textual meanings. The linguist William Downes makes the point that the principal characteristic of register, no matter how peculiar or diverse, is that it is obvious and immediately recognisable. (Downes. 1998, 309) [edit] Literary Stylistics In The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, Crystal observes that, in practice, most stylistic analysis has attempted to deal with the complex and ‘valued’ language within literature, i. e. ‘literary stylistics’. He goes on to say that in such examination the scope is sometimes narrowed to concentrate on the more striking features of literary language, for instance, its ‘deviant’ and abnormal features, rather than the broader structures that are found in whole texts or discourses. For example, the compact language of poetry is more likely to reveal the secrets of its construction to the stylistician than is the language of plays and novels. (Crystal. 1987, 71). [edit] Poetry As well as conventional styles of language there are the unconventional – the most obvious of which is poetry. In Practical Stylistics, HG Widdowson examines the traditional form of the epitaph, as found on headstones in a cemetery. For example: His memory is dear today As in the hour he passed away. (Ernest C. Draper ‘Ern’. Died 4. 1. 38) (Widdowson. 1992, 6) Widdowson makes the point that such sentiments are usually not very interesting and suggests that they may even be dismissed as ‘crude verbal carvings’and crude verbal disturbance (Widdowson, 3). Nevertheless, Widdowson recognises that they are a very real attempt to convey feelings of human loss and preserve affectionate recollections of a beloved friend or family member. However, what may be seen as poetic in this language is not so much in the formulaic phraseology but in where it appears. The verse may be given undue reverence precisely because of the sombre situation in which it is placed. Widdowson suggests that, unlike words set in stone in a graveyard, poetry is unorthodox language that vibrates with inter-textual implications. (Widdowson. 1992, 4) Two problems with a stylistic analysis of poetry are noted by PM Wetherill in Literary Text: An Examination of Critical Methods. The first is that there may be an over-preoccupation with one particular feature that may well minimise the significance of others that are equally important. (Wetherill. 1974, 133) The second is that any attempt to see a text as simply a collection of stylistic elements will tend to ignore other ways whereby meaning is produced. (Wetherill. 1974, 133) [edit] Implicature In ‘Poetic Effects’ from Literary Pragmatics, the linguist Adrian Pilkington analyses the idea of ‘implicature’, as instigated in the previous work of Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson. Implicature may be divided into two categories: ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ implicature, yet between the two extremes there are a variety of other alternatives. The strongest implicature is what is emphatically implied by the speaker or writer, while weaker implicatures are the wider possibilities of meaning that the hearer or reader may conclude. Pilkington’s ‘poetic effects’, as he terms the concept, are those that achieve most relevance through a wide array of weak implicatures and not those meanings that are simply ‘read in’ by the hearer or reader. Yet the distinguishing instant at which weak implicatures and the hearer or reader’s conjecture of meaning diverge remains highly subjective. As Pilkington says: ‘there is no clear cut-off point between assumptions which the speaker certainly endorses and assumptions derived purely on the hearer’s responsibility. ’ (Pilkington.1991, 53) In addition, the stylistic qualities of poetry can be seen as an accompaniment to Pilkington’s poetic effects in understanding a poems meaning. [edit] Tense Widdowson points out that in Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s poem ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’ (1798), the mystery of the Mariner’s abrupt appearance is sustained by an idiosyncratic use of tense. (Widdowson. 1992, 40) For instance, the Mariner ‘holds’ the wedding-guest with his ‘skinny hand’ in the present tense, but releases it in the past tense ( his hands dropt he. ); only to hold him again, this time with his ‘glittering eye’, in the present. (Widdowson. 1992, 41) [edit] The point of poetry Widdowson notices that when the content of poetry is summarised it often refers to very general and unimpressive observations, such as ‘nature is beautiful; love is great; life is lonely; time passes’, and so on. (Widdowson. 1992, 9) But to say: Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore, So do our minutes hasten to their end William Shakespeare, ‘60’. Or, indeed: Love, all alike, no season knows nor clime, Nor hours, days months, which are the rags of time John Donne, ‘The Sun Rising’, Poems (1633). This language gives us a new perspective on familiar themes and allows us to look at them without the personal or social conditioning that we unconsciously associate with them. (Widdowson. 1992, 9) So, although we may still use the same exhausted words and vague terms like ‘love’, ‘heart’ and ‘soul’ to refer to human experience, to place these words in a new and refreshing context allows the poet the ability to represent humanity and communicate honestly. This, in part, is stylistics, and this, according to Widdowson, is the point of poetry (Widdowson. 1992, 76). [edit] See also * Discourse analysis * Acrolect * Aureation * Basilect * Stylometry * Literary language * Standard language * Official language * Classical language * Liturgical language * Gender role in language * Poetics and Linguistics Association * Internet linguistics [edit] Notes 1. ^ Widdowson, H. G. 1975. Stylistics and the teaching of literature. Longman: London. ISBN 0582550769 2. ^ Simpson, Paul. 2004. Stylistics : A resource book for students. Routledge p. 2: Stylistics is a method of textual interpretation in which primacy of place is assigned to language. 3. ^ Simpson, Paul. 2004. Stylistics : A resource book for students. Routledge p.  3: The preferred object of study in stylistics is literature, whether that be institutionally sanctioned ‘Literature’ as high art or more popular ‘noncanonical’ forms of writing. . 4. ^ Lesley Jeffries, Daniel McIntyre, Stylistics, Cambridge University Press, 2010, p1. ISBN 052172869X 5. ^ Talbot J. Taylor, Mutual Misunderstanding: Scepticism and the Theorizing of Language and Interpretation, Duke University Press, 1992, p91. ISBN 0822312492 6. ^ Ulrich Ammon, Status and Function of Languages and Language Varieties, Walter de Gruyter, 1989, p518. ISBN 0899253563 7. ^ Katie Wales, A Dictionary of Stylistics, Pearson Education, 2001, p315. ISBN 0582317371 8. ^ Rob Pope, The English Studies Book: an Introduction to Language, Literature and Culture, Routledge, 2002, p88. ISBN 0415257107 9. ^ Richard Bradford, A Linguistic History of English Poetry, Routledge, 1993, p8. ISBN 0415070570 10. ^ Nikolas Coupland, Style: Language Variation and Identity, Cambridge University Press, 2007, p10. ISBN 0521853036 11. ^ Raman Selden, The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism: From Formalism to Poststructuralism, Cambridge University Press, 1989, p83. ISBN 0521300134 12. ^ Paul Simpson, Stylistics: a Resource Book for Students, Routledge, 2004, p75. ISBN 0415281040 13. ^ Helen Leckie-Tarry, Language and Context: a Functional Linguistic Theory of Register, Continuum International Publishing Group, 1995, p6. ISBN 1855672723 14. ^ Nikolas Coupland, Style: Language Variation and Identity, Cambridge University Press, 2007, p12. ISBN 0521853036 15. ^ Christopher S. Butler, Structure and Function: a Guide to Three Major Structural-Functional Theories, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003, p373. ISBN 1588113612 [edit] References and related reading * ed. David Birch. 1995. Context and Language: A Functional Linguistic Theory of Register (London, New York: Pinter) * Richard Bradford. 1997. Stylistics (London and New York: Routledge) * Michael Burke. 2010. Literary Reading, Cognition and Emotion: An Exploration of the Oceanic Mind (London and New York: Routledge) * David Crystal. 1998. Language Play (London: Penguin) 1985. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 2nd edition (Oxford: Basil Blackwell) 1997. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, 2nd edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) * William Downes. 1998. Language and Society, 2nd edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) * Roger Fowler. 1996. Linguistic Criticism, 2nd edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 1995. The Language of George Orwell (London: Macmillan Press) * MAK Halliday. 1978. Language as Social Semiotic: The Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning (London: Edward Arnold) * Brian Lamont. 2005. First Impressions (Edinburgh: Penbury Press) * Geoffrey Leech and Michael H. Short. 1981. Style in Fiction: A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose (London: Longman) * A McIntosh and P Simpson. 1964. The Linguistic Science and Language Teaching (London: Longman) * George Orwell. 1949. Nineteen Eighty-Four (London: Heinemann) 1964. Inside the Whale and Other Essays (London: Penguin Books) * Adrian Pilkington. 1991. ‘Poetic Effects’, Literary Pragmatics, ed. Roger Sell (London: Routledge) * ed. Thomas A. Sebeok. 1960. Style in Language (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press) * Michael Toolan. 1998. Language in Literature: An Introduction to Stylistics (London: Hodder Arnold) * Jonathan Swift. 1994. Gulliver’s Travels (London: Penguin Popular Classics) * Katie Wales. 2001. A Dictionary of Stylistics, 2nd edition, (Harlow: Longman) * ed. Jean Jacques Weber. 1996. The Stylistics Reader: From Roman Jakobson to the Present (London: Arnold Hodder) * PM Wetherill. 1974. Literary Text: An Examination of Critical Methods (Oxford: Basil Blackwell) * HG Widdowson. 1992. Practical Stylistics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) * Joseph Williams. 2007. Style: Lessons in Clarity and Grace, 9th edition (New York: Pearson Longman) [edit] External links * Checklist of American and British programs in stylistics and literary linguistics * The British Poetics and Linguistics Association * http://www. brianlamont. com/ Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Stylistics_(literature) Categories: Applied linguistics | Language varieties and styles | Linguistics Hidden categories: Wikipedia articles needing style editing from October 2010 | All articles needing style editing Personal tools. * Log in / create account Namespaces * Article * Discussion Variants Views * Read * Edit * View history Actions Search - Top of Form Bottom of Form Navigation * Main page * Contents * Featured content * Current events * Random article * Donate to Wikipedia Interaction * Help * About Wikipedia * Community portal * Recent changes * Contact Wikipedia Toolbox * What links here * Related changes * Upload file * Special pages * Permanent link * Cite this page Print/export * Create a book * Download as PDF * Printable version Languages * * БÐ µÃ »Ã °Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã ºÃ °Ã'  * БÃ'ŠÐ »Ã ³Ã °Ã'€Ã' Ã ºÃ ¸ * Catala * Cesky * Dansk. * Deutsch * Eesti * Espanol * Esperanto * Francais * Galego * * Ido * Bahasa Indonesia * Italiano * * Kiswahili * Magyar * ÐÅ"Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ³Ã ¾Ã » * Nederlands * * Polski * Portugues * Romana * Ð  Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã' Ã ºÃ ¸Ã ¹ * Slovencina * Srpskohrvatski / Ð ¡Ã'€Ð ¿Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã'…Ã'€Ð ²Ã °Ã'‚Ã' Ã ºÃ ¸ * Suomi * Svenska * Ð £Ã ºÃ'€Ð °Ã'â€"Ð ½Ã' Ã'Å'Ð ºÃ ° * This page was last modified on 4 March 2011 at 05:48. * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. 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The Yellow Wallpaper as a Guide To Insanity and Madness -- Yellow Wall

The Yellow Wallpaper as a Guide To Insanity   Ã‚   "There comes John, and I must put this away- he hates to have me write a word" (p659). As evident by the above quote, Gilman places the narrator of "The Yellow Wallpaper" as secluded as she could be; she is placed in a large house, surrounded only by her husband and by little help (Jennie), when it is unfortunately clear that her relationship with her husband is based on distance and misunderstanding: "It is so hard to talk with John about my case, because he is so wise, and because he loves me so"(p 663). Gilman further confines her narrator as it becomes clear that the poor soul has absolutely no one to talk to; that is, no one who can understand her. The narrator is cornered by her loved ones, she is isolated from the world under her husband-doctor orders, she is thus physically confined to her shaky mental realm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The next aspect of the narrator that zooms us into her state is her tone: "I really have discovered something at last.... The front pattern does move- and no wonder! The woman behind shakes it!" (p 666). Gilm...

Mother and Daughter, a Heavenly Relationship Failed Essay

Daughter and mother relationship is an endless topic for many writers. They are meant to share the bond of love and care for each other. In the real world, however, their relationship is not as successful as it ought to be. The stories â€Å"How to Talk to Your Mother† and â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† are the examples of this conflict. Lorrie Moore is distinguished for the clever wordplay, irony and sardonic humor of her fiction. â€Å"How to Talk to Your mother† is a short story in her collection Self-Help. It is about a failed relationship of a daughter and her mother over time. Similarly, Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† portrays powerfully the economic and domestic burdens a poor woman faced, as well as the responsibility and powerlessness she feels over her child’s life. Both stories have the same theme, but each has different technique, and the conflicts from the characters are opposite. Poor communication over time is the theme both stories share. In â€Å"How to Talk to Your Mother,† Ginny, the author, faded the relationship with her mother as time goes and things changed from 1939 to 1982. In 1952, Ginny started to break away by slamming the door and say â€Å"Don’t I know it† (Moore 105) when her mother asks about her crush in junior high. Then, she becomes a young adult with a new life and would not come home for holidays. However, it is not until her mother called her by her sister’s name that makes she feels uncomfortable. â€Å"Learn that you have a way of knowing each other which somehow slips out and beyond the ways you have of not knowing each other at all† (Moore 103). The simply â€Å"How to† title belies the complexities of broken communication between mother and daughter. Ginny attempts to communicate with her mother throughout decades, but it never works. In â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing,† the mother faced the same problem with poor communication. Readers feel deeply sorry for the mother as she is economically alone, lonely, overworked and tired. The mother is always busy and preoccupied with other children. â€Å"I was working, there were four smaller ones now, there was not time for her† (Olsen 191). She has little or no time to talk to Emily, the daughter. The only time they met each other is at night, when Emily is struggle over books and the mother be ironing, or do other house chores. In both stories, the mothers and daughters have really  poor communication. Each character has her own life and stared to ignore their love ones. Ginny lives her wild life with romance. On the other hand, the mother in â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† is so busy with her low-class life. As a result, their relationship failed as time rolls. Although both stories share similarity, each story was written with different styles, point-of-views, and languages. Lorrie Moore presents â€Å"How to Talk to Your Mother† in reverse chronological order, from latest to earliest. This technique supports her main idea by illustrating the broken communication pattern existing since the narrator’s childhood. With this style, readers find it amusing as they can read forward or backward. Moreover, this kind of writing is very rare in literature. Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† was written in a traditional flashback. It started with the mother blaming herself for Emily’s outturn. Then, she remembered all the life events that result in bad decisions she made for Emily. Both stories also have different point-of-view. â€Å"How to Talk to Your Mother† is told in second-person, using â€Å"you,† instead of â€Å"I.† The second-person narration distances the narrator from the pa in inflicted by her mother, father, and lovers. This is Moore’s clever choice. Readers can relate and sympathize with Ginny. On the other hand, â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† is told in first-person. The mother is telling readers about her faults and her attempts to help Emily through difficult years. Readers can see the hardship the mother faced and understand her situation. Nevertheless, Moore writes the story like one would write in her diary, very informal. The full title is â€Å"How to Talk to Your Mother (Notes),† and the language is not very aesthetic. On the contrast, Olsen writes her story in formal, literature language. In response to her story, Helen Pike Bauer writes: â€Å"Olsen’s story is a dialogue between circumstances and desire, constraint and love, absence and presence, silence and speech, power and helplessness.† The conflicts of each character are opposite. The primary conflict in â€Å"How to Talk to Your Mother† is between Ginny and herself. She feels like she has her own life and her mother becomes annoying. In 1971, she wrote: â€Å"Go for long walks to get away from her. Walk through wooded area; there is a life you have forgotten† (Moore 103). Throughout the story, readers can see the  broken relationship is resulted from the external events of her life. She has three abortions and involving many relationships with men that she don’t even like. â€Å"Sometimes you confuse her with the first man you ever love, who ever loved you †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Moore 102). Ginny almost blamed herself for their relationship. Her mom is always there, in her house since 1967. A year before death, her mother tells her: â€Å"Is that any way to talk to your mother (Moore 101)?† While Ginny experienced the external conflict of her life, the mother in â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† faced an internal conflict involving Emily. She makes a very meaningful statement at the end of story: help Emily to know that â€Å"she is more than this dress on the ironing board, helpless before the iron† (Olsen 193). The mother constantly referred to the bad decisions she had made for Emily during her childhood. She sent Emily to live with her relatives as a toddler and came back with â€Å"all baby loveliness gone† (Olsen 188). Then, she sent her off again to a convalescent home. These decisions caused the mother to constantly nag at her internal self. Emily turned to a comedic teen is the result of the mother’s ignorant and poor relationship, which makes the mother blaming herself. She feels like the conflict is caused by her and Emily deserved a better life. Thackeray says, â€Å"God cannot be everywhere and therefore he made mother.† Parents are the caretaker of their children. From their experiences, they know what is best and they would never mean ill for them. â€Å"How to Talk to Your Mother† and â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† are short stories that remind readers to cherish their relationships with parents. Both stories have the same theme of communication, but each has different technique, and the conflicts from the characters are opposite. Their situations are very difficult: poverty, low-class, and early motherhood. Lorrie Moore writes â€Å"How to Talk to Your Mother† to mock the popular â€Å"How-to† style. She marks off each stage of the plot by repeated works and ideas of heart, babies, containers, and unsuccessful talks between mother and daughter. Tillie Olsen writes â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† with many symbolisms. For example, the iron is the torment, outside pressures. The dress is her problem, or Emily. The mother is ironing out the problem from inside her heart. Both stories carry the same message of mother and daughter relationship that most people faced the same path. In the society right now, there are many children experienced  child abuses. As for many parents, they could not get their kids to listen to them. The heavenly relationship failed as lives go on.

Meeting Essential Care Needs Essay

Mrs Gale is a 70 year old widow and retired unskilled worker. The patient lives alone and relies on her son to provide basic care, medication and meals. Mrs Gale has a history of weight fluctuation owing to lifestyle but is currently at risk of malnutrition due to Parkinson’s disease. Mrs Gale shows signs of early dementia and suffers from poor mobility and pain caused by arthritis. Mrs Gale also has mild depression triggered by loss and has become socially isolated. All names have been changed as per the Nursing and Midwifery Council confidentiality guidelines (2008). Mrs Gale is a 70 year old widow and retired unskilled worker. The patient lives alone and relies on her son to provide basic care, medication and meals. Mrs Gale has a history of weight fluctuation owing to lifestyle but is currently at risk of malnutrition due to Parkinson’s disease. Mrs Gale shows signs of early dementia and suffers from poor mobility and pain caused by arthritis. Mrs Gale also has mild depression triggered by loss and has become socially isolated. All names have been changed as per the Nursing and Midwifery Council confidentiality guidelines (2008). Introducing the nature of essential care needs Daily activities of living such as; eating, breathing, and mobilising were seen by Roper (1976) as a method of identifying the needs of a patient. By understanding what a patient requires in order to function normally, a nurse can address what is missing and produce a care plan accordingly. The Roper, Logan and Tierney’s model of nursing identified the activities that are deemed essential and suggests that it is not important to treat all the activities at once (Roper et al. 2000). Yura & Walsh (1983) believed that it is impossible to separate a person into their needs and therefore you cannot treat one without treating the others. Newton (1991) concluded that in order to conduct a holistic approach, all factors need to be considered. Along with the essential needs there are also the physical, psychological, sociocultural, politico-economic, and environmental factors that will need consideration. Factoring these into patient care produces a person centred approach (Steinbach 2009). This means that a patient will experience care that is individually tailored to them. In order to meet the needs of Mrs Gale, the care will be assessed according to differences in her human needs, her social role, her expectations of care and her lifestyle behaviours. This is because as an older adult, Mrs Gale’s needs are different to those of younger adults and children (Copeman 1999; Yura & Walsh 1983). There will be particular focus on Mrs Gale’s nutritional needs as this is an area of concern due to her Parkinson’s and the risk of malnutrition associated with it. The involuntary shaky movements associated with Parkinson’s disease causes an increase of energy expenditure which can lead to weight loss. Other symptoms and her medication can also decrease food intake. Fortunately medication such as levodopa contains medication that minimises these side effects (Green n. d. ). Mrs Gale’s poor mobility and pain levels will also affect her ability to consume nourishment as well as the ability to prepare, serve and purchase food and drink. Roper et al. (1996 cited Bloomfield & Pegram 2012) stated that when addressing psychological needs it is important to understand that Mrs Gale’s appetite will be affected by her emotional state. Mrs Gale’s cognitive impairment may also lead to her forgetting to eat or consuming too much (Beardsley 2000). The environmental factors to consider for Mrs Gale are the layout of her home, having a suitable eating area, available food storage and how is Mrs Gale able to purchase food (Copeman1999; NICE 2006). Mrs Gale has been identified as being from a working class family; this means she has learnt behaviours which may impact on her health such as not buying suitable foods (Browne 2005). The financial costs of healthy foods, available funding, benefits and local care provisions via the social care system or local government schemes will also need deliberation (Copeman1999; Age UK 2012). Changes due to the aging process also need to be addressed. Calcium reabsorption increases especially in women after the menopause, this decreases bone density. Lean tissue decreases as fat increases with age; there is also a decline in the percentage of body water meaning that body temperature is more difficult to control. Thirst decline and decreased renal function means that older people can become dehydrated (Copeman 1999). The function of the bowel reduces, meaning that the elderly are more susceptible to indigestion and constipation. The risk of constipation is also increased with Parkinson’s disease (Parkinson’s UK 2011). The final consideration is the deterioration of the sensory system. Taste, smell, vison, pain and touch all decline meaning that food may not be as appealing (Copeman 1999). Exploration of the evidence underpinning the delivery of care In order to determine the nutritional care of Mrs Gale the nursing process will be used. Nursing was described as a problem-solving process with 4 stages termed; assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation by Yura & Walsh (1967) (cited Aggleton & Chalmers 2000). This principle is still used in clinical practice today and is considered to be best practice (Bloomfield & Pegram 2012). By carrying out an assessment nurses can identify the causes of problems that require medical involvement. Nettina (2006) described assessment as; the collection of data that will identify actual or potential health problems. This means that a health assessment is carried out to determine what care is currently required or care that will be required in the future. Assessment begins with a complete nursing history and finishes with a nursing diagnosis which is based on facts and evidence (Yura & Walsh 1983). Assessment is carried out by observing the patient as a whole and includes; making notes on the patient’s dress, expression, non-verbal cues, deformities, and absence of parts such as teeth (Yura & Walsh 1983). Data collection is done by using various assessment tools such as; measuring weight and height, calculating body mass index (BMI) and screening tools such as the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) (Copeman1999; Stratton et al. 006). The use of BMI alone has raised questions due to people falling outside of the normal range and still being healthy (McWilliams 2008). Evidence for the use of the MUST was concluded from research that was conducted by Stratton et al (2006). However, the MUST is recommended by NICE and is used regularly to identify those at risk of malnutrition (McWilliams 2008). In order to plan care effe ctively there are three phases that must be considered. The first investigates the main concerns of the practitioner and patient. Subsequently the goals of the practitioner and client are determined. Finally the required nursing interventions are recorded (Carpenito-Moyet 2006). Planning can be used to design strategies to assist the patients, for example diet plans and calorie allowance (Copeman 1999). With Mrs Gale the simplest and inexpensive intervention will be to promote a healthy diet and encourage foods with high-nutrient content (Holmes 2012). During planning, goals are determined that will lead to ultimate health and wellness (Yura & Walsh 1983). These goals are developed by open dialogue between patient and practitioner and are assigned a time scale to be completed by (Carpenito-Moyet 2006). For example Mrs Gale has poor nutritional intake as a diagnosis and a goal could be to improve this. However, if the poor nutrition is due to money, then a time scale of a few weeks would allow time to sort out benefits and buy the correct nutrition. If the poor nutrition was due to behaviour issues, then a longer time period would be assigned in order to assist with help in changing that behaviour (Carpenito-Moyet 2006). The Orem model of nursing (2001) states that the nurse must act for the patient to increase their learning and awareness of their condition. However, in order for care to be implemented effectively a nurse must have intelligence, interpersonal and technical skills (Yura & Walsh 1983). The ability to build relationships with clients and other practitioners is important to form trust and identify where a multi-disciplined approach can be used (Aggleton & Chalmers 2000). Communication plays a huge role in the implementation of care due to continued discussion and questioning with the patient. The nurse must look for verbal and non-verbal cues from the patient and continue to collect data (Aggleton & Chalmers 2000). By doing this the nurse will be able to use their clinical judgement and have an adaptive approach to care (Yura & Walsh 1983). A nurse must also be realistic and recognise their strengths and weaknesses. This will allow recognition of assistance and possible referrals to other practitioners that maybe required (Siviter 2008). This sharing of information and asking for help is part of the NMC’s code of conduct (2008). A nurse must also have the knowledge to recognise normal and abnormal human functioning and the evidenced based interventions that can be used (Brooker & Nicol 2011). The care should also be safe, have the patient’s best interests, involve the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) and the patient, and informed consent should be obtained (NMC 2008). Evaluation of achievement is conducted to see if the best action or intervention has been used. Reflection will indicate if current goals should be maintained or if new goals are required for the patient (Siviter 2008). However, the achievement of the goals can be subjective and difficult to measure. To evaluate if the goals have been achieved, listening and observation needs to be conducted and it is important to remember that non-achievement is not failure. It is possible that new more achievable goals are needed or that the current intervention is not effective for the patient (Brooker & Nicol 2011). Short term an appropriate goal will be the achievement of weight maintenance or gain and long term will be the changing of negative health related behaviours (Siviter 2008). This will be educated via referral to a dietician and via information guides such as; the Parkinson’s and Diet leaflet, designed by the Parkinson’s Disease Society (2008). Diet can also be supplemented with high energy and protein drinks such as Fresubin and are prescribed via a dietician or General Practitioner (Holmes 2012). Mrs Gale’s weight can be monitored every 4-6 weeks, if there are changes in her medication or every 3 months if stable (Green n. d. ). Mrs Gale can also be directed to age UK who can provide details of benefits, home and shopping assistance (Age UK 2012). All of Mrs Gale’s nutritional needs have been assessed, planned and evaluated. The implementation of this care will depend on the cooperation by Mrs Gale. Practitioners have to remember that patients have the right to refuse treatment. After all the evidence is presented and all questions and concerns are addressed the patient will have an informed choice (NICE 2007). Personal development plan (University of Southampton 2012) Identified areas for further development Heart: Intrinsic motivation (Developing compassionate care) On refection I believe I need to develop my communication skills, especially when dealing with older people and cognitive impairment. This will make sure my care remains person centred (Steinbach 2009). I must also develop my understanding of how and when to use the available assessment tools so that I can complete the nursing process (Yura & Walsh 1983). I must also improve my questioning techniques so that when I am faced with a client, such as Mrs Gale, I can collect all the relevant information I will need to plan her care (Aggleton & Chalmers 2000). Suggested activities and experiences that will assist in future development In order to facilitate my development I will need to nurse patients with a variety of medical and cognitive conditions; this can be achieved while on placement. This will improve my communication skills and my confidence (NMC 2008). Furthermore I need to observe nurses in a ward or community setting while they implement the most appropriate assessment tool for their patient. This can be done while on placement and by contacting the community care team and arranging to shadow a community nurse. While completing practice experience one, I was able to take part in the planning process. I will need to continue with this so that I am confident in planning essential care. Identified areas for further development Nerve: Self-belief and self-efficacy (Developing themselves and advocating for the service user or carer) To develop my self-belief and to be an advocate for my patient I will need to work on my confidence (NMC 2008). I will need confidence in applying the best nursing practice (Yura & Walsh 1983). I will need confidence in speaking up and making sure my patients receive the correct care and any available funding that they might need. If I am unable to provide this service I must have the ability to refer my patients or to ask questions so that this can be achieved. Suggested activities and experiences that will assist in future development To develop this confidence, I must work alongside mentoring staff and observe dieticians, community nurses and general practitioners. By doing this I will appreciate how other professions care for my patient. Similarly I will gain understanding of which profession I would refer my patient to for future treatment. Working as part of a multi-disciplinary team will improve my confidence and allow for questioning (NMC 2008). Identified areas for further development Brain: Critical and analytical skills (Application of appropriate theory/research to practice) In order for me to apply theory into practise, I must research the care of various conditions and begin to understand the theoretical knowledge behind that care. This process has begun with the research I have conducted on Parkinson’s disease and also on my research into the use of BMI and MUST (Eknoyan 2008; MAG 2003). I will also need to visit other areas of practice to see the nursing process being applied (NMC 2008). Suggested activities and experiences that will assist in future development I must attend any available courses, workshops and meetings that deal with patient care and conditions. While on practice experience two, I would like to attend a nutrition workshop and discover the benefit of supplementary foods and drinks available. I will arrange to work with and observe dieticians within a hospital setting and question them on transferring this knowledge to community settings.